Urological conditions in children

The conditions most commonly affecting children’s kidneys are congenital, meaning they are present from birth.

The upper urinary tract extends from the kidney to the bladder and includes the renal pelvis, pelviureteric junction, ureter and ureterovesical junction.

The main bladder conditions in children are congenital and may cause urinary tract infections or incontinence.

The lower urinary tract extends from the bladder to the outside of the body: the bladder neck, sphincters and urethra.

Genital conditions are very common in childhood, particularly in boys.